<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">% -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
% This is part of the book TeX for the Impatient.
% Copyright (C) 2003 Paul W. Abrahams, Kathryn A. Hargreaves, Karl Berry.
% See file fdl.tex for copying conditions.

\input macros
%\chapter{Using this book}
\chapter{ä½¿ç”¨æœ¬ä¹¦}

\chapterdef{usebook}

%This book is a do-it-yourself guide and handbook for \TeX.
%Here in this section we tell you how to use the book to maximum advantage.

æœ¬ä¹¦æ˜¯ä¸€æœ¬ä»‹ç» \TeX{} çš„è‡ªå­¦æ‰‹å†Œã€‚
åœ¨æœ¬ç«&nbsp;ä¸­, æˆ‘ä»¬å°†æŒ‡å¯¼ä½&nbsp;å¦‚ä½•æ›´å¥½åœ°ä½¿ç”¨æœ¬ä¹¦ã€‚

% We recommend that you first either read or skim in sequence Sections
% \chapternum{usebook} through \chapternum{examples},
% which tell you what you need to know in order to get started using \TeX.
% If you've already had experience using \TeX, it will still be helpful
% to know what kinds of information are in these sections of the book.
% Sections~\chapternum{concepts}--\chapternum{tips}, which
% occupy most of
% the rest of the book, are designed to be accessed randomly.
% Nevertheless, if you're the kind of person who likes to read reference manuals,
% you'll find that it \emph{is} possible to proceed sequentially if you're
% willing to take a lot of detours at first.

æˆ‘ä»¬å»ºè®®ä½&nbsp;å…ˆé˜…è¯»æˆ–æµè§ˆ \chapternum{usebook} åˆ° \chapternum{examples}ç«&nbsp;ï¼Œ
è¿™äº›åœ°æ–¹ä¼šå‘Šè¯‰ä½&nbsp;å¦‚ä½•ä¸Šæ‰‹ \TeXã€‚
å¦‚æžœä½&nbsp;å·²ç»ä½¿ç”¨è¿‡ \TeXï¼Œ è¿™äº›åœ°æ–¹ä»ä¼šå€¼å¾—ä¸€çœ‹ï¼Œ
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%æœ¬ä¹¦çš„é‡å¤´æˆæ˜¯\chapternum{concepts}--\chapternum{tips}ç«&nbsp;,
%è¿™äº›ç«&nbsp;èŠ‚å¯ä»¥ä»»æ„é€‰æ‹©åœ°è¿›è¡Œé˜…è¯».
å…¶ä½™éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œä¸»è¦æ˜¯\chapternum{concepts}--\chapternum{tips}ç«&nbsp;ï¼Œ
å¯ä»¥æœ‰é€‰æ‹©åœ°ç¿»é˜…ã€‚
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ä½&nbsp;ä¼šå‘çŽ°ä»Žå¤´åˆ°å°¾åœ°æŠŠè¿™æœ¬ä¹¦é˜…è¯»ä¸€é\emph{æ˜¯}å®Œå…¨å¯è¡Œçš„ï¼Œ
å½“ç„¶ä½&nbsp;ä¼šä¸ºæ­¤åœ¨å¼€å¤´å­¦ä¹&nbsp;æ—¶ç»•äº›å¼¯è·¯ã€‚

% In \chapterref{usingtex}, ``Using \TeX'',
% we explain how to produce a \TeX\ document from a
% \TeX{} input file.
% We also describe the conventions for preparing that input file,
% explain a little about how \TeX{} works, and tell you about additional
% resources that are available.
% Reading this section will help you understand
% the examples in the next section.

åœ¨\chapterref{usingtex}ï¼Œ``ä½¿ç”¨ \TeX''ï¼Œ
æˆ‘ä»¬è§£é‡Šå¦‚ä½•æŠŠä¸€ä¸ª \TeX{} è¾“å…¥æ–‡ä»¶è½¬ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ª \TeX{} æ–‡æ¡£ã€‚
%æˆ‘ä»¬è¿˜è®²è¿°äº†å‡†å¤‡è¿™ä¸ªè¾“å…¥æ–‡ä»¶çš„æƒ¯ä¾‹ï¼Œ
æˆ‘ä»¬è¿˜è®²è¿°äº†å‡†å¤‡è¾“å…¥æ–‡ä»¶çš„ä¸€äº›ä¹&nbsp;æƒ¯ï¼Œ
ç®€è¦åœ°è§£é‡Šäº† \TeX{} æ˜¯å¦‚ä½•å·¥ä½œçš„ï¼Œ å‘Šè¯‰ä½&nbsp;å¯ä»¥èŽ·å–çš„å…¶å®ƒèµ„æºä¿¡æ¯ã€‚
é˜…è¯»äº†è¿™ä¸ªç«&nbsp;èŠ‚ï¼Œ ä¼šæœ‰åŠ©äºŽä½&nbsp;ç†è§£ä¸‹ä¸€ä¸ªç«&nbsp;èŠ‚çš„ä¾‹å­ã€‚

% \chapterref{examples}, ``Examples'',
% contains a sequence of
% examples that illustrate the use of \TeX.
% Each example consists of a page of output
% together with the input that we used to create it.
% These examples will orient you and help you
% locate the more detailed material that you'll need as you go.
% By seeing which commands are used in the input, you'll know
% where to look for more detailed information on how to achieve
% the effects shown in the output.
% The
% examples can also serve as models for simple documents, although we must
% caution you that
% because we've tried to pack a variety of \TeX\ commands into a small
% number of pages,
% the examples are not necessarily illustrations of good or complete
% document~design.

\chapterref{examples}, ``ä¾‹å­'',
åŒ…æ‹¬äº†ä¸€ç³»åˆ—çš„ä¾‹å­æ¥æè¿° \TeX{} çš„åŠŸç”¨.
æ¯ä¸ªä¾‹å­åŒ…æ‹¬äº†ä¸€é¡µçš„è¾“å‡ºå†…å®¹, ä¹ŸåŒ…æ‹¬äº†è¾“å‡ºè¯¥é¡µå†…å®¹æ‰€è¾“å…¥çš„æºä»£ç&nbsp;.
è¿™äº›ä¾‹å­ä¼šæŒ‡å¯¼ä½&nbsp;ä¸”å¸®åŠ©ä½&nbsp;æ‰¾åˆ°ä½&nbsp;æ‰€éœ€è¦çš„æ›´è¯¦ç»†çš„èµ„æ–™.
é€šè¿‡è§‚å¯Ÿè¾“å…¥ä½¿ç”¨äº†ä»€ä¹ˆå‘½ä»¤,
ä½&nbsp;ä¼šçŸ¥é“åœ¨å“ªé‡Œèƒ½å¤Ÿæ‰¾åˆ°è¾“å‡ºæ•ˆæžœæ‰€ä½¿ç”¨æ–¹æ³•çš„æ›´è¯¦ç»†çš„ä¿¡æ¯.
è¿™äº›ä¾‹å­ä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥ä½œä¸ºç®€å•çš„æ–‡æ¡£çš„æ¨¡ç‰ˆ, å½“ç„¶æˆ‘ä»¬å¿…éœ€æé†’ä½&nbsp;,
å›&nbsp;ä¸ºæˆ‘ä»¬å°è¯•æŠŠå¾ˆå¤šçš„ \TeX{} å‘½ä»¤æ”¾åœ¨è¿™å‡&nbsp;é¡µçº¸ä¸­,
è¿™äº›ä¾‹å­ä¸å¯èƒ½æè¿°å¥½çš„æˆ–è€…å®Œæ•´çš„æ–‡æ¡£è®¾è®¡.

% As you read the explanation of a command, you may encounter
% some unfamiliar technical terms.
% In \chapterref{concepts}, ``Concepts'',
% we define and explain these terms.
% We also discuss other topics that aren't covered
% elsewhere in the book.
% The inside back cover of the book contains a list of all the
% concepts and the pages where they are described.
% We suggest that you make a copy of this list and keep it nearby
% so that you'll be able to identify and look up an unfamiliar
% concept immediately.

å½“ä½&nbsp;çœ‹è¿™äº›å‘½ä»¤çš„è§£é‡Šæ—¶, ä½&nbsp;ä¼šé‡åˆ°å¾ˆå¤šä¸ç†Ÿæ‚‰çš„æŠ€æœ¯æœ¯è¯­.
åœ¨ \chapterref{concepts}, ``æ¦‚å¿µ''ä¸­, æˆ‘ä»¬å®šä¹‰å¹¶è§£é‡Šäº†è¿™äº›æœ¯è¯­.
æˆ‘ä»¬åŒæ—¶è¿˜è®¨è®ºäº†æœ¬ä¹¦å…¶å®ƒåœ°æ–¹æ²¡æœ‰æ¶‰åŠåˆ°çš„è¯é¢˜.
æœ¬ä¹¦ä¹¦èƒŒå†…é¡µåˆ—å‡ºäº†æ‰€æœ‰çš„æ¦‚å¿µåç§°ä»¥åŠå®ƒä»¬æ‰€å‡ºçŽ°çš„ä½ç½®.
æˆ‘ä»¬å»ºè®®ä½&nbsp;æŠŠä¹¦èƒŒå†…é¡µå¤å°ä¸‹æ¥, æ”¾åœ¨æ—è¾¹,
è¿™æ&nbsp;·ä½&nbsp;å°±èƒ½åœ¨é‡åˆ°ä¸ç†Ÿæ‚‰çš„æ¦‚å¿µæ—¶é©¬ä¸ŠæŸ¥æ‰¾åˆ°å®ƒä»¬.

% \TeX's commands are its primary vocabulary,
% and the largest part of this book is
% devoted to explaining them.  In Sections~\chapternum{paras}
% through~\chapternum{general} we describe the commands.
% You'll find general information about the command descriptions
% on \xrefpg{cmddesc}.
% The command descriptions are arranged
% functionally, rather like a thesaurus, so if you know what you want to
% do but you don't know which command does it for you, you can use the
% table of contents to guide you to the right group of commands.
% Commands that we think are both particularly useful and easy to understand
% are indicated with a pointing~hand~(\hand).

\TeX{} çš„å‘½ä»¤æ˜¯å®ƒçš„ä¸»è¦è¯æ±‡, æœ¬ä¹¦æœ€ä¸»è¦çš„éƒ¨åˆ†å°±æ˜¯ç”¨æ¥è§£é‡Šè¿™äº›å‘½ä»¤.
ä»Žç¬¬~\chapternum{paras}~ç«&nbsp;åˆ°ç¬¬~\chapternum{general}~ç«&nbsp;, æˆ‘ä»¬è§£é‡Šäº†è¿™äº›å‘½ä»¤.
ä½&nbsp;å¯ä»¥åœ¨\xrefpg{cmddesc}æ‰¾åˆ°å‘½ä»¤æè¿°çš„æè¿°æƒ¯ä¾‹.
è¿™äº›å‘½ä»¤æ&nbsp;¹æ®åŠŸèƒ½åˆ†é—¨åˆ«ç±», è€Œä¸æ˜¯æŒ‰å­—å…¸é¡ºåº,
æ‰€ä»¥å¦‚æžœä½&nbsp;çŸ¥é“ä½&nbsp;æƒ³åšä»€ä¹ˆ, ä½†ä¸çŸ¥é‚£è¯¥ç”¨ä»€ä¹ˆå‘½ä»¤,
ä½&nbsp;å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ç›®å½•æ¥å¼•å¯¼ä½&nbsp;æ‰¾åˆ°æ­£ç¡®çš„å‘½ä»¤ç»„.
æˆ‘ä»¬ç»™æˆ‘ä»¬è®¤ä¸ºå¸¸ç”¨ä¸”å®¹æ˜“ç†è§£çš„å‘½ä»¤æ&nbsp;‡ä¸Šäº†ä¸€ä¸ªæ‰‹å½¢ç¬¦å·~(\hand).

%\chapterref{capsule}, ``Capsule summary of commands'', is a
%specialized index that complements the more complete descriptions
%in Sections~\chapternum{paras}--\chapternum{general}.
%It lists \TeX's commands
%alphabetically, with a brief explanation of each command
%and a reference to the page
%where it is described more completely.  The capsule summary
%will help you when you just want a quick reminder of what a command
%does.
\chapterref{capsule}ä¸º``å‘½ä»¤é€ŸæŸ¥è¡¨''ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªä¸“é—¨çš„ç´¢å¼•ä¸Ž%
ç¬¬~\chapternum{paras}--\chapternum{general}~ç«&nbsp;çš„æ›´å®Œæ•´æè¿°ç›¸è¾…ç›¸æˆã€‚
åœ¨è¿™ä¸€ç«&nbsp;ä¸­æŒ‰å­—æ¯é¡ºåºåˆ—å‡ºäº†å„ä¸ª \TeX\ å‘½ä»¤åŠå…¶ç®€è¦è§£é‡Šï¼Œ
å¹¶ç»™å‡ºè¯¥å‘½ä»¤çš„è¯¦ç»†æè¿°æ‰€åœ¨çš„é¡µç&nbsp;ã€‚
æ­¤é€ŸæŸ¥è¡¨å¯ä»¥è®©ä½&nbsp;å¿«é€ŸçŸ¥é“æŸä¸ªå‘½ä»¤çš„ä½œç”¨ã€‚

%\TeX{} is a complex program that occasionally works its will in
%mysterious ways.
%In \chapterref{tips}, ``Tips and techniques'',
%we provide advice on solving a variety of specific
%problems that you may encounter from time to time.
%And if you're stumped by
%\TeX's error messages, you'll find succor in \chapterref{errors},
%``Making sense of error messages''.
\TeX{} æ˜¯ä¸ªå¤æ‚çš„ç¨‹åºï¼Œå¶å°”åœ°ä¼šä»¥è¯¡å¼‚çš„æ–¹å¼å·¥ä½œã€‚
åœ¨\chapterref{tips}ï¼Œ``å»ºè®®å’ŒæŠ€å·§''ä¸­ï¼Œ
å¯¹ä¸€ç³»åˆ—ä½&nbsp;æ—¶ä¸æ—¶ä¼šé‡åˆ°çš„ç‰¹å®šçš„é—®é¢˜ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬æä¾›äº†ä¸€äº›å»ºè®®ã€‚
è€Œè‹¥ä½&nbsp;è¢« \TeX\ çš„é”™è¯¯ä¿¡æ¯éš¾ä½äº†ï¼Œ
\chapterref{errors}ï¼Œ``ç†è§£é”™è¯¯ä¿¡æ¯''å°†ç»™ä½&nbsp;æä¾›å¸®åŠ©ã€‚

%The gray tabs on the side of the book will help you locate parts of the
%book quickly.  They divide the book into the following major parts:
%\olist
%\li general explanations and examples
%\li concepts
%\li descriptions of commands (five shorter tabs)
%\li advice, error messages, and the |eplain.tex| macros
%\li capsule summary of commands
%\li index
%\endolist
é¡µè¾¹çš„ç°è‰²æ&nbsp;‡ç­¾å¯ä»¥å¸®ä½&nbsp;å¿«é€Ÿå®šä½åˆ°æœ¬ä¹¦å„ä¸ªéƒ¨åˆ†ã€‚
å®ƒä»¬å°†æœ¬ä¹¦åˆ’åˆ†ä¸ºä¸‹é¢å‡&nbsp;ä¸ªä¸»è¦éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼š
\olist
\li æ€»ä½“çš„è¯´æ˜Žå’Œä¾‹å­
\li æ¦‚å¿µ
\li å‘½ä»¤æè¿°ï¼ˆäº”ä¸ªçŸ­æ&nbsp;‡ç­¾ï¼‰
\li å»ºè®®ï¼Œé”™è¯¯ä¿¡æ¯å’Œ |eplain.tex| å®é›†
\li å‘½ä»¤é€ŸæŸ¥è¡¨
\li ç´¢å¼•
\endolist

%In many places we have provided page references to
%^{\texbook} (see \xrefpg{resources} for a citation).
%These references apply to the seventeenth edition of \texbook.
%For other editions, some references may be off by a page or two.
åœ¨å¾ˆå¤šåœ°æ–¹æˆ‘ä»¬éƒ½ç»™å‡ºäº†åˆ°^{\texbook} çš„é¡µç&nbsp;ç´¢å¼•
ï¼ˆè¦å¼•ç”¨è¯¥ä¹¦å¯ä»¥è§\xrefpg{resources}ï¼‰ã€‚
è¿™äº›ç´¢å¼•é€‚ç”¨äºŽ\texbook\ ç¬¬åä¸ƒæ¬¡å°åˆ·ç‰ˆã€‚
å¯¹äºŽå…¶å®ƒç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼Œæœ‰çš„ç´¢å¼•å¯èƒ½ç›¸å·®ä¸€ä¸¤é¡µã€‚


%\section Syntactic conventions
\section è¯­æ³•çº¦å®š

%In any book about preparing input for a computer,
%it's necessary to indicate clearly the literal characters that should be typed
%and to distinguish those characters from the explanatory text.
%We use the Computer Modern typewriter font for {\tt literal input
%like this}, and also for the names of \TeX{} commands.
%When there's any possibility of confusion, we enclose \TeX{}
%input in single quotation marks, `{\tt like this}'.
%However, we occasionally use parentheses when we're indicating single
%characters such as (|`|) (you can see why).
åœ¨ä»»ä½•æ¶‰åŠåˆ°ä¸ºè®¡ç®—æœºå‡†å¤‡è¾“å…¥çš„ä¹¦ç±ä¸­ï¼Œ
éƒ½å¾—æ˜Žç¡®åŒºåˆ†å“ªäº›å­—ç¬¦æ˜¯éœ€è¦é€å­—è¾“å…¥çš„ï¼Œè€Œå“ªäº›å­—ç¬¦å±žäºŽè§£é‡Šæ€§æ–‡æœ¬ã€‚
æˆ‘ä»¬ç”¨è®¡ç®—æœºçŽ°ä»£æ‰“å­—æœºå­—ä½“æ˜¾ç¤ºæ–‡å­—è¾“å…¥ï¼Œæ¯”å¦‚{\tt literal input}ï¼Œ
ä»¥åŠ\TeX\ å‘½ä»¤åã€‚åœ¨å¯èƒ½å¯¼è‡´æ··æ·†çš„åœ°æ–¹ï¼Œ
æˆ‘ä»¬å°† \TeX\ å‘½ä»¤ç”¨å•å¼•å·å›´èµ·æ¥ï¼Œæ¯”å¦‚`{\tt like this}'ã€‚
ç„¶è€Œï¼Œåœ¨è¡¨ç¤ºå•ä¸ªå­—ç¬¦æ—¶ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬å¶å°”ä¹Ÿä¼šç”¨æ‹¬å·å°†å®ƒå›´èµ·æ¥ï¼Œ
æ¯”å¦‚(|`|)ï¼ˆå…¶åŽŸå›&nbsp;ä½&nbsp;å®¹æ˜“æ˜Žç™½ï¼‰ã€‚

%For the sake of your eyes we usually just put spaces
%where you should put spaces. In some places where
%we need to emphasize the space, however,
%we use a `\visiblespace' character
%{\catcode `\ =\other\pix^^| |}%
%to indicate it.
%Naturally enough, this character is called a \emph{visible space}.
%\pix^^{spaces//visible}
é€šå¸¸æˆ‘ä»¬æŒ‰ç…§ä½&nbsp;è¾“å…¥ç©ºæ&nbsp;¼çš„æ–¹å¼æ˜¾ç¤ºç©ºæ&nbsp;¼ï¼Œä»¥å…è®©ä½&nbsp;çœ‹èŠ±çœ¼ã€‚
ä½†ä¸ºäº†å¼ºè°ƒæŸäº›ç©ºæ&nbsp;¼ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬ç”¨`\visiblespace'å­—ç¬¦è¡¨ç¤ºå®ƒã€‚
\ifoldeplain{\catcode `\ =\other\pix^^| |}\fi%
è¿™ä¸ªå­—ç¬¦å¾ˆè‡ªç„¶åœ°è¢«ç§°ä¸º\emph{å¯è§ç©ºæ&nbsp;¼}.
\pix^^{ç©ºæ&nbsp;¼//å¯è§ç©ºæ&nbsp;¼}


%\section Descriptions of the commands
\section å‘½ä»¤æè¿°

\xrdef{cmddesc}
%Sections~\chapternum{paras}--\chapternum{general} contain
%a description of what nearly every \TeX{} command does.  ^^{commands}
%Both the primitive commands ^^{primitive//command}
%and those of ^{\plainTeX} are covered.
%The primitive commands are those built into the \TeX{} computer program, while
%the \plainTeX{} commands are defined in a standard file of
%auxiliary definitions (see \xref\plainTeX).
%The only commands we've omitted are those that are used purely locally
%in the definition of \plainTeX\ (\knuth{Appendix~B}).
%The commands are organized as follows:
ç¬¬~\chapternum{paras}--\chapternum{general}~ç«&nbsp;æè¿°äº†å‡&nbsp;ä¹Žæ¯ä¸ª\TeX\ å‘½ä»¤ï¼Œ
^^{å‘½ä»¤}åŒ…æ‹¬åŽŸå§‹å‘½ä»¤^^{åŽŸå§‹çš„//åŽŸå§‹å‘½ä»¤}å’Œ ^{\plainTeX} å‘½ä»¤ã€‚
åŽŸå§‹å‘½ä»¤æ˜¯é‚£äº›å†…å»ºäºŽ \TeX\ ç¨‹åºä¸­çš„å‘½ä»¤ï¼Œ
è€Œ \plainTeX{} å‘½ä»¤æ˜¯é‚£äº›åœ¨æ&nbsp;‡å‡†è¾…åŠ©å®šä¹‰æ–‡ä»¶ä¸­å®šä¹‰çš„å‘½ä»¤ï¼ˆè§\xref\plainTeX ï¼‰ã€‚
æˆ‘ä»¬ä»…ä»…å¿½ç•¥é‚£äº›åªåœ¨\plainTeX\ (\knuth{é™„å½•~B})å®šä¹‰ä¸­ç”¨åˆ°çš„å±€éƒ¨å‘½ä»¤ã€‚
è¿™äº›å‘½ä»¤åˆ†ä¸ºå¦‚ä¸‹å‡&nbsp;éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼š
%\ulist\compact
%\li ``Commands for composing paragraphs'', \chapterref{paras},
%deal with characters, words, lines, and entire paragraphs.
%\li ``Commands for composing pages'', \chapterref{pages},
%deal with pages, their components, and the output routine.
%\li ``Commands for horizontal and vertical modes'', \chapterref{hvmodes},
%have corresponding or identical
%forms for both horizontal modes (paragraphs and hboxes) and vertical
%modes (pages and vboxes).
%These commands provide boxes, spaces, rules, leaders,
%and alignments.
%\li ``Commands for composing math formulas'', \chapterref{math},
%provide capabilities for constructing math formulas.
%\li ``Commands for general operations'', \chapterref{general},
%provide
%\TeX's programming features and
%everything else that doesn't fit into any of the other sections.
%\endulist
\ulist\compact
\li \chapterref{paras}ï¼Œ``ç»„æ®µå‘½ä»¤''ï¼Œä»‹ç»å­—ç¬¦ã€å•è¯ã€æ–‡æœ¬è¡Œå’Œæ•´ä¸ªæ®µè½ã€‚
\li \chapterref{pages}ï¼Œ``ç»„é¡µå‘½ä»¤''ï¼Œä»‹ç»é¡µé¢åŠå…¶ç»„æˆéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œä»¥åŠè¾“å‡ºä¾‹è¡Œç¨‹åºã€‚
\li \chapterref{hvmodes}ï¼Œ``æ°´å¹³å’Œç«–ç›´æ¨¡å¼å‘½ä»¤''ï¼Œ
ä»‹ç»æ°´å¹³æ¨¡å¼ï¼ˆæ®µè½å’Œæ°´å¹³ç›’å­ï¼‰å’Œç«–ç›´æ¨¡å¼ï¼ˆé¡µé¢å’Œç«–ç›´ç›’å­ï¼‰ä¸­å¯¹åº”æˆ–ç­‰åŒçš„å‘½ä»¤ã€‚
è¿™äº›å‘½ä»¤æä¾›äº†ç›’å­ã€é—´éš”ã€æ&nbsp;‡çº¿ã€æŒ‡å¼•çº¿å’Œå¯¹é½ã€‚
\li \chapterref{math}ï¼Œ``æ•°å­¦å…¬å¼å‘½ä»¤''ï¼Œä»‹ç»æž„é€&nbsp;æ•°å­¦å…¬å¼çš„å‘½ä»¤ã€‚
\li \chapterref{general}ï¼Œ``ä¸€èˆ¬æ“ä½œå‘½ä»¤''ï¼Œ
ä»‹ç» \TeX\ çš„ç¼–ç¨‹åŠŸèƒ½ä»¥åŠä¸é€‚åˆæ”¾åœ¨å…¶ä»–éƒ¨åˆ†çš„å‘½ä»¤ã€‚
\endulist
%You should think of these categories as being suggestive rather than
%rigorous, because the commands don't really fit neatly into these
%(or any other) categories.
ä½&nbsp;åº”è¯¥å°†è¿™äº›åˆ†ç±»è§†ä¸ºæç¤ºæ€§çš„è€Œä¸æ˜¯ä¸¥æ&nbsp;¼çš„ï¼Œ
å›&nbsp;ä¸ºæŠŠå‘½ä»¤éƒ½å½’å…¥è¿™äº›ï¼ˆæˆ–è€…å…¶ä»–ï¼‰ç±»åˆ«å¹¶ä¸å®Œå…¨åˆé€‚ã€‚

%Within each section, the descriptions of the commands are organized
%by function.  When several commands are closely related, they are described as
%a group; otherwise, each command has its own explanation.
%The description of each command
%includes one or more examples and the output
%produced by each example when examples are appropriate (for
%some commands they aren't).
%When you are looking at a subsection containing functionally related
%commands, be sure to check the end of a subsection for a ``see also''
%item that refers you to related commands that are described elsewhere.
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%Some commands are closely related to certain concepts.
%For instance, the |\halign| and |\valign| commands are related to
%``alignment'', the |\def|
%command is related to ``macro'',
%and the |\hbox| and |\vbox| commands are related to ``box''.
%In these cases we've usually given a bare-bones des\-crip\-tion of the
%commands themselves and explained  the underlying ideas
%in the concept.
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|\def| å‘½ä»¤ä¸Ž``å®''ç›¸å…³,
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%The examples associated with the commands have been typeset with
%^|\parindent|, the paragraph indentation, set to zero so that
%paragraphs are normally unindented.
%This convention makes the examples easier to read.
%In those examples where the paragraph indentation is essential,
%we've set it explicitly to a nonzero value.
å‘½ä»¤ç›¸å…³çš„ä¾‹å­åœ¨æŽ’ç‰ˆæ—¶è®¾å®šäº†æ®µè½ç¼©è¿› ^|\parindent| ä¸ºé›¶ï¼Œ
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%The pointing hand in front of a command or a group of commands indicates
%that we judged this command or group of commands to be particularly useful
%and easy to understand.
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%Many commands expect ^{arguments} of one kind or another
%(\xref{arg1}).  The arguments of
%a command give \TeX{} additional information that it needs in order to
%carry out the command.  Each argument is indicated by an italicized
%term in angle brackets that indicates what kind of argument it~is:
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%\display{%
%\halign{\&lt;#&gt;\quad&amp;#\hfil\cr
%argument&amp;a single token or some text enclosed in braces\cr
%charcode&amp;a character code, i.e., an integer between $0$ and $255$\cr
%dimen&amp;a dimension, i.e., a length\cr
%glue&amp;glue (with optional stretch and shrink)\cr
%number&amp;an optionally signed integer (whole number)\cr
%register&amp;a register number between $0$ and $255$\cr
%}}
%^^{\&lt;dimen&gt;}
%^^{\&lt;argument&gt;}
%^^{\&lt;charcode&gt;}
%^^{\&lt;glue&gt;}
%^^{\&lt;number&gt;}
%^^{\&lt;register&gt;}
\display{%
\halign{\&lt;#&gt;\quad&amp;#\hfil\cr
argument&amp;å•ä¸ªè®°å·æˆ–è€…æ”¾åœ¨èŠ±æ‹¬å·ä¸­çš„ä¸€äº›æ–‡æœ¬\cr
charcode&amp;å­—ç¬¦ç&nbsp;ï¼Œå³åœ¨$0$åˆ°$255$ä¹‹é—´çš„æ•´æ•°\cr
dimen&amp;å°ºå¯¸ï¼Œå³é•¿åº¦\cr
glue&amp;ç²˜è¿žï¼ˆæœ‰å¯é€‰çš„ä¼¸å±•å€¼å’Œæ”¶ç¼©å€¼ï¼‰\cr
number&amp;å¯å¸¦ç¬¦å·çš„æ•´åž‹å€¼ï¼ˆæ•´æ•°ï¼‰\cr
register&amp;å¯„å­˜å™¨ç¼–å·ï¼Œåœ¨$0$åˆ°$255$ä¹‹é—´\cr
}}
^^{\&lt;dimen&gt;}
^^{\&lt;argument&gt;}
^^{\&lt;charcode&gt;}
^^{\&lt;glue&gt;}
^^{\&lt;number&gt;}
^^{\&lt;register&gt;}

% \noindent
% All of these terms are explained in more detail in \chapterref{concepts}.
% In addition, we sometimes use terms such as \&lt;token list&gt; that are either
% self-explanatory or explained in the description of the command.
% Some commands have special formats that require either braces or
% particular words.
% These are set in the same bold font that we use
% for the command headings.

\noindent
æ‰€æœ‰è¿™äº›æœ¯è¯­ä¼šåœ¨\chapterref{concepts}ä¸­è¿›è¡Œè¯¦è¿°.
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% Some commands are parameters (\xref{introparms}) or table entries.
% ^^{parameters//as commands}
% This is indicated in the command's listing.
% You can either use a parameter as an argument or assign a value to it.
% The same holds for table entries.
% We use the term ``parameter'' to refer to entities such as |\pageno|
% that are actually registers but behave just like parameters.
% ^^{registers//parameters as}

æœ‰äº›å‘½ä»¤æ˜¯å‚æ•° (\xref{introparms}) æˆ–è¡¨æ&nbsp;¼é¡¹.
^^{å‚æ•°//ä½œä¸ºå‘½ä»¤}
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æˆ‘ä»¬ä½¿ç”¨``å‚æ•°''è¿™ä¸ªæœ¯è¯­æ¥æŒ‡ä»£è¿™äº›æ¡ç›®, æ¯”å¦‚æœ¬æ˜¯å¯„å­˜å™¨ä½†å¯å½“å‚æ•°ä½¿ç”¨çš„ |\pageno|.
^^{å¯„å­˜å™¨//ä½œä¸ºå‚æ•°}


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\endchapter
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