This is a low-pass filter implemented using a resistor and a capacitor. A low-pass filter passes lower frequencies and attenuates higher frequencies. The input frequency keeps changing, sweeping up and down the spectrum to demonstrate the change in response. The capacitor passes higher frequencies, causing the voltage across it to be reduced and keeping the output voltage closer to ground. The capacitor blocks lower frequencies, causing reduced current across the resistor and keeping the output voltage closer to the input voltage.
The breakpoint (-3 dB point) is shown at the lower right, as "f.3db".
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